Data from: Plant-soil interactions shape the identity and persistence of soil organic carbon in invaded ecosystems: implication for legacy effects

Description

Total phenolic compounds and microbial biomarkersTotal amount of phenolics, flavonoids, ergosterol and muramic acid in invaded and non-invaded soils. MA- Massachusetts; NY-New York; NC-North Carolina; (F)-Forest; (O)-Oldfield; IN- Invaded soil; OU-Non-invaded soilJKW_TotalPhenol_20150923.csvLitter phenolicsTotal amount of mono-phenols, flavonoids and tannins that were extracted with water, methanol, and mild base hydrolysis (ester-bound) from senesced tissues of knotweed. MA- Massachusetts; NY-New York; NC-North Carolina; (F)-Forest; (O)-Oldfield; IN- Invaded soil; OU-Non-invaded soilJKW_LitterPhenol_20150923.csvMonophenolicsAmount of mono-phenolic compounds extracted from invaded and non-invaded soils using various extraction methods. MA- Massachusetts; NY-New York; NC-North Carolina; (F)-Forest; (O)-Oldfield; IN- Invaded soil; OU-Non-invaded soilJKW_MonoPhenol_20150923.csvSoil EnzymesApparent activities of various soil enzymes in invaded and non-invaded soils. MA- Massachusetts; NY-New York; NC-North Carolina; (F)-Forest; (O)-Oldfield; IN- Invaded soil; OU-Non-invaded soilJKW_Enzyme_20150923.csvDRIFTDiffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy data after processing (second order dervatization and relative intensity calculations). MA- Massachusetts; NY-New York; NC-North Carolina; (F)-Forest; (O)-Oldfield; IN- Invaded soil; OU-Non-invaded soilJKW_DRIFT_20150923.csvDGGEPresence and absence of bands comprising the fingerprint patterns generated by PCR-DGGE. MA- Massachusetts; NY-New York; NC-North Carolina; (F)-Forest; (O)-Oldfield; IN- Invaded soil;OU-Non-invaded soilJKW_DGGE_20150923.csvDegradation of phenolicsPercent of initially added phenolics recovered at various sampling times. IN- inoculum from invaded soil; OUT- inoculum from non-invaded soil.JKW_PhenolDegradation_20150923.csv,1. Introduced, invasive plants can alter local soil chemistry and microbial communities, but the underlying mechanisms and extent of these changes are largely unknown. Based on characteristics associated with invasiveness in plants, it was hypothesized that introduced species that produce large amounts of litter with distinctive secondary compounds can a) alter the chemistry of both extractable and bulk carbon in the soil, b) shift microbial communities towards microbes better able to metabolize the compounds in the litter, and c) cause soil carbon chemistry and microbial communities to shift to relatively uniform, novel states at multiple sites. 2. Composition of phenolics in senescent tissues (leaves and roots) of Polygonum cuspidatum was compared to the composition of extractable phenolics and non-extractable bulk organic carbon in soils under and adjacent to large, long-established stands of P. cuspidatum at four sites in the eastern U.S. Rates of degradation of phenolics, activities of enzymes associated with the breakdown of phenolics, and shifts in microbial community composition were also measured at the sites. 3. Soils under P. cuspidatum stands contained twice as much phenolics as adjacent soils, but the composition of phenolics differed greatly between soils under stands and senescent tissues of P. cuspidatum. Flavonoids and proanthocyanidins constituted >90% of the identified phenolics in P. cuspidatum tissues, whereas monophenolic compounds accounted for > 90% of the phenolics in soils under stands. Soils under and adjacent to stands also exhibited distinctive compositions of relatively persistent bulk organic carbon; composition differed less between soils under stands at different sites than between soils under and adjacent to stands at the same site. 4. Soils under P. cuspidatum had 2.8 times greater abundance of fungi than soils adjacent to stands, and fungal markers showed clear separation of soils under and adjacent to P. cuspidatum. However, the potential activity of enzymes that degrade polyphenols was lower in soils under stands. Exogenously applied chemically complex polyphenols persisted in both P. cuspidatum invaded and adjacent non-invaded soils, whereas less complex compounds rapidly disappeared from both soils. 5. Synthesis. Results suggest that interactions between plant inputs, abiotic reactions, and biotic transformations may create and maintain new states in invaded soils that are chemically and biologically less diverse. In the case of polyphenol rich, fast growing invasive species, these interactions may alter the composition of bulk soil organic matter that has slower turnover rates, resulting in legacy effects. Restoration could thus require, not just removal of the species, but also post-removal interventions such as soil amendments.

Publication Date

1-1-2016

Publisher

DRYAD

DOI

10.5061/dryad.c85gk

Language

en

Document Type

Data Set

Identifier

10.5061/dryad.c85gk

Embargo Date

1-1-2016

Version

1

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