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Abstract

Youth leadership experiences have the power to shape individuals’ values, identities, and leadership behaviors well into adulthood, yet limited empirical research has examined how these formative experiences contribute to leadership development over time. This study examines the long-term impact of youth leadership experiences using the six-stage Leadership Identity Development (LID) model as a guiding and interpretive framework by exploring the journeys of alumni from the Shelton Challenge, a six-day immersive high school leadership program at NC State University rooted in values-based and positive youth development (PYD) principles. Using narrative inquiry, we conducted interviews and focus groups with 30 alumni ages 18 to 35 to understand how participants interpreted, integrated, and applied lessons from their youth leadership experiences across personal, academic, and professional contexts. Findings reveal clear alignment with all six LID stages – from initial awareness of leadership in others to the integration of leadership as a fully internalized, lifelong process. Alumni described the program as a “spark of something new” that shaped their confidence, relational approach to leadership, mentoring behaviors, and commitment to the greater good. Program components – including structured reflection, near-peer mentorship, psychological safety, and opportunities for safe failure – emerged as key factors that supported movement through the LID model and sustained leadership growth over time. This study offers empirical support for the LID model and provides actionable recommendations for practitioners seeking to design youth leadership programs that cultivate lifelong leadership identity development.

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