Date of Award

8-2024

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Department

Human Centered Computing

Committee Chair/Advisor

Nathan McNeese

Committee Member

Golnaz Arastoopour Irgen

Committee Member

Guo Freeman

Committee Member

Emma Dixon

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the workforce is transforming team dynamics, leading to the emergence of Human-AI Teams (HATs). These teams offer opportunities to capitalize on human strengths with AI's prowess, offering significant opportunities for innovation and efficiency. Effective HAT functioning requires aligning human expectations with AI capabilities and bridging knowledge gaps between teammates. Despite this potential, key integration challenges remain, such as developing shared mental models, addressing skill limitations, and overcoming negative AI perceptions. Existing training efforts often apply human-human teaming principles directly to HATs, overlooking AI's role as a teammate and limiting the development of HAT-specific training programs. This dissertation addresses this gap through three research projects focused on tailored training to enable HATs to thrive. Study 1 investigated macro-level training needs for HATs, focusing on individuals who interact and train with AI teammates in eSports. Using quantitative ethnography and epistemic network analysis of interviews, the study reveals an overemphasis on task-oriented skills in current training, highlighting a gap in supporting teamwork and understanding AI teammates. Participants identified cross-training as essential for building collaboration and understanding AI roles, emphasizing the need for training that enhances interpersonal dynamics, trust, and nuanced AI understanding. Study 2, an online mixed-methods experiment, assessed different team role assignments and cross-training types to support HAT-relevant knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Using a chatGPT-based AI teammate, the study finds positional modeling enhances understanding of HAT interdependencies, shared understanding, trust, AI acceptance, and overall team effectiveness. Study 3 evaluated HAT team training effectiveness in an organizational setting, testing strategies focused on AI situational awareness, communication, and human-AI interdependencies. Using mixed methods, the study showed that training can improve performance, trust, critical awareness, and willingness to adopt HATs. These studies fill a research gap in HAT training, proposing methods to set expectations and support AI understanding, easing HAT integration. The dissertation's contributions can guide future research and practical applications, which is essential as AI reshapes the workplace.

Author ORCID Identifier

0000-0002-1479-7597

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