Date of Award

8-2025

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Education (EdD)

Department

Education Systems Improvement Science

Committee Chair/Advisor

Dr. Brandi Hinnant-Crawford, Ph.D.

Committee Member

Dr. Alison Leonard

Committee Member

Dr. Jacquelynn Malloy

Committee Member

Dr. Carlos Sandoval

Abstract

Elementary science education is essential for fostering inquiry, critical thinking, and problem-solving, yet it is often reduced or deprioritized due to the pressures of high-stakes testing in reading and mathematics. Despite federal calls for a well-rounded education under the Every Student Succeeds Act (2015), instructional time for science remains limited in many schools, particularly in under-resourced and high-poverty contexts. This reduction of science instruction time exacerbates achievement gaps and limits student engagement and interest in STEM fields.

This planned experiment investigates whether Arts-Integrated science instruction can increase student engagement and improve academic achievement among fourth-grade students at Foothills Academy of the Arts, a rural magnet elementary school in South Carolina. Over the course of eight weeks, students experienced a rotational model of instruction that included Traditional science lessons (no arts), Arts-Enhanced lessons (utilizing an art activity), and fully Arts-Integrated lessons (visual and performing arts standards were intentionally taught alongside science standards). A mixed-methods approach was used to evaluate outcomes, including science assessment data from the Savvas curriculum, student engagement surveys, and teacher fidelity surveys.

Findings revealed that arts-based instructional approaches enhanced student engagement. Quantitative results indicated a statistically significant difference in student achievement across instructional types, with the highest mean scores observed in the Arts-Enhanced condition. The Arts-Integrated model also outperformed the Traditional model, suggesting that incorporating the arts can support conceptual understanding even when lessons require dual content mastery. Students consistently rated arts-based lessons as more enjoyable and reported greater motivation to participate in science.

Qualitative data from teacher reflections and classroom observations reinforced these trends, with educators noting increased enthusiasm, participation, and confidence among students, particularly those from historically marginalized groups. The use of a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) framework enabled iterative instructional refinement and contributed to increasing teacher confidence through co-teaching, coaching, and collaborative planning.

Overall, this study supports Arts-Integration or Arts-Enhancement as a viable strategy for enhancing engagement and academic performance in elementary science, particularly in high-poverty rural schools. It contributes to a growing body of research emphasizing creative, student-centered instruction as a pathway to equity and deeper learning.

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