Date of Award

5-2026

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Department

Biological Sciences

Committee Chair/Advisor

Dr. Richard Blob

Committee Member

Dr. Samantha Price

Committee Member

Dr. Roshna Wunderlich

Abstract

Several of the earliest tetrapod lineages exhibited polydactyl limbs, with seven or eight digits per limb rather than the typical five or fewer seen in extant lineages. How these digit configurations might have been used during terrestrial locomotion is unclear, given the lack of living models in which their performance can be studied and limited evidence from fossil trackways. However, polydactyly occasionally appears in natural populations of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), animals with body plans that broadly resemble those of early tetrapods. To test how polydactyl limbs similar to those of early tetrapods might have functioned on land, we used high-speed video and an EMED-ST pressure mat to measure the foot pressures and limb kinematics of polydactyl alligators (~1.5 m in length, N=3) during walking. We also generated trackways from these alligators while walking over clay. Our data indicated that average footfall pressures and locomotor kinematics from polydactyl limbs do not significantly differ from those of non-polydactyl limbs. Moreover, pressure pad trials and trackways show that supernumerary digits are used inconsistently, with pressure recordings or digit impressions only in roughly half of our total trials. These results indicate that polydactyl digits make limited contributions to terrestrial propulsion, providing important context for understanding the evolutionary loss of digits during the invasion of land by Paleozoic vertebrates.

Author ORCID Identifier

0009-0006-4594-1922

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